Legal Studies and Research First year of publication: 1956 Editor-in-Chief: Senior Researcher II, PhD Tudor AVRIGEANU Subject: Journal of Legal Sciences Type of publication: Scientific / Academic Frequency: Quarterly (No. 1: January–March; No. 2: April–June; No. 3: July–September; No. 4: October–December) Languages of publication: Romanian, English, French Publisher: Publishing House of the Romanian Academy ISSN: 2284-9394, ISSN-L: 2284-9394 (print) ISSN: 2972-211X, ISSN-L: 2284-5427 (online) Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.59277/SCJ Indexed in international databases: Erih Plus, CEEOL; EBSCO; HeinOnline Journal sponsored by: SC MEDIA MARKETING S.R.L. History "Studii şi Cercetări Juridice" (1956–1989); "Studii de Drept Românesc" – New Series (II) [October 1989 – December 2011, nos. 34–56]; "Studii şi Cercetări Juridice" – New Series (III), from January 2012 to the present. Website: www.rscj.ro Beginning with issue no. 1 (57) of 2012, the journal of the “Acad. Andrei Rădulescu” Institute of Legal Research of the Romanian Academy resumed its original title, Studii şi Cercetări Juridice (SCJ) (Third Series). Editorial Office Institute of Legal Research “Acad. Andrei Rădulescu” of the Romanian Academy Casa Academiei, Building B, 4th Floor 13 Septembrie Avenue no. 13, Sector 5, Bucharest Tel.: +40 21 318 81 30, ext. 2400 Fax: +40 21 318 24 53 E-mail: redactie@rscj.ro
IDENTITATE, MEMORIE ȘI CATHARSIS CONSTITUȚIONAL ÎN ROMÂNIA POSTCOMUNISTĂ – TOATE-S VECHI ȘI NOUĂ TOATE –
The Romanian Constitution of 1991, born from the collective trauma of communism, can be seen as a moment of constitutional catharsis, namely an attempt at moral and symbolic purification through the founding act of a new democratic order. It is an expression of a transitional constitutionalism, in which the fear of recovering a repugnant past and the hope of a (more) free future are intertwined. However, between these two temporal poles, a national-identity tension is manifested, sometimes creative, sometimes conflicting, i.e., between ethnocentrism and liberalism. In such a context, the paper seeks to highlight the fact that the fundamental law, approached as a result of an emotional synthesis, i.e., a catharsis with deep historical roots, did not offer – and perhaps did not even intend to offer – a definitive answer to Romania's identity dilemma. On the contrary, its elaboration, as well as its very existence, opened an uninterrupted process of reflection and redefinition, a dialogue between the past and the future. Thus, the Constitution is a living text (which is good), but restless, a space of confrontation between the historical and ethnic roots of the nation and the ideals of liberal reason. In this tension, between memory and aspiration, between tradition and modernity, the course of post-communist Romania is still being shaped.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Legal Studies and Research
NECESITATEA UNEI REGLEMENTĂRI NAȚIONALE EFICIENTE A CONTESTAȚIEI PRIVIND DURATA PROCESULUI PENAL CONSECINȚĂ A MODIFICĂRILOR PRESCRIPȚIEI RĂSPUNDERII PENALE
Although at least declarative, in a century of rapid progress and digitized procedures for access to justice, any national legislator would wish to avoid regulations that impose significant time-frames for resolving cases, since time-consuming judicial proceedings require financial support from a much broader spectrum of taxpayers than just those directly involved as litigants, we observe that courts are increasingly handling more complex cases, where a fair and equitable solution demands an investigation spanning considerable periods of time. Before 1989, under a regime where private property was not a recognized category in the domestic legislative framework, and disputes with a foreign element were truly exceptional, procedures did not require significant time-frames to reach a final verdict. However, the transition to an economy based on trade and free enterprise has necessitated substantial changes to procedural norms.
Statute of Limitations for Criminal Liability
VIITORUL ASIGURĂRILOR SOCIALE ÎN ROMÂNIA: ADAPTARE SISTEMICĂ ȘI REINVENTARE INSTITUȚIONALĂ
This essay examines the impact of digital transformation on social insurance systems, in a context shaped by profound changes in labour markets and welfare state structures. The rise of platform work, freelancing, and the gig economy challenges the traditional contributory model, raising concerns about the sustainability and fairness of social protection. Risks of social exclusion, and the potential of technology to streamline benefit administration raise legislative dilemmas. A comparative analysis of selected European models suggests reform pathways aimed at enhancing the adaptability and resilience of social insurance systems in the digital age.
LEVIATHAN-UL BIZANTIN? DE LA „ACTUALITATEA LUI HOBBES” LA ÎNDREPTAREA LEGII
Starting from the debate in the 1930s on Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) and its apparent support to the totalitarian regimes during the 20th century, the following study analyses the defense of Hobbes by N. Iorga, according to whom Hobbes schuld rather be considered within Medieval political philosophy. While trying to understand the apparent reasons of such a qualification, we will follow the thought line of Iorga until the Recapitulation of Law (1652), advancing the hypothesisccording to which this last legislative monument from the Romanian Middle Ages can be considered as the answer given from within the Byzantine political-legal tradition both to the problem of religious wars in the 17th century, as well as to the epochal solution offered by Hobbes to these problem.
EXECUTAREA HOTĂRÂRILOR CEDO ÎN ROMÂNIA – IMPACT ȘI PROGRES CĂTRE STANDARDELE EUROPENE
The enforcement of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights is a complex process, which may involve various state authorities and institutions, sometimes of long duration, but which is of particular importance for the consolidation of the rule of law by adopting the highest European standards in the most diverse areas. The enforcement process concerns both measures intended to restore the victim of the violation of rights to the situation in which he would have been if that violation had not occurred, but also general measures, which aim to prevent similar violations in the future. The latter measures may concern systemic problems, complex problems, the resolution of which requires sustained effort and considerable resources, as well as time to consolidate substantial reforms.
Aşa cum anunţam anterior, în Dosarul din acest număr continuăm să publicăm textele intervenţiilor susţinute la Conferinţa Institutului de Cercetări Juridice „Acad. Andrei Rădulescu” din 14 martie, având ca temă raportul dintre Gândirea juridică românească şi proiectul european. Din păcate, până la închiderea numărului nu am primit textul intervenţiei domnului prof. univ. dr. Sebastian Răduleţu, pe care sperăm totuşi să-l putem publica într-unul dintre numerele viitoare ale revistei noastre, iar în acest fel – malum non potest totaliter consumere bonum – discuţia începută la Conferinţă să continue în aceste pagini pentru o perioadă mai lungă decât fusese prevăzut iniţial. Astfel stând lucrurile, am putea spune că cele două intervenţii rămase în Dosar se situează din mai multe puncte de vedere, la extremităţi, opuse ale spectrului tematic, astfel încât cititorul grăbit s-ar putea întreba ce anume ar putea avea în comun un studiu amănunţit şi cât se poate de tehnic dedicat aspectelor punerii în executare a hotărârilor CEDO în România, pe de o parte, şi o încercare de a aduce împreună idei a căror legătură nu este nici ea la prima vedere clară: ce pot avea în comun Leviathan-ul lui Thomas Hobbes (1651), Îndreptarea Legii (1652) şi Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului (1950) dincolo de situarea lor în diferite contexte istorice pe o linie imaginară a istoriei politico-juridice a Europei? Cititorul extrem de atent, ar putea evidenţia faptul că aici cuvântul „Europa” ar trebui luat în serios ca atare şi nu considerat un echivalent semantic pentru „Uniunea Europeană” (aşa cum adeseori se întâmplă), observând – fapt într-adevăr remarcabil – că această din urmă sintagmă nu apare menţionată explicit în niciunul dintre cele două studii. Există aşadar o identitate politico-juridică a „Europei” care trebuie luată în considerare în mod distinct, eventual înainte de a proceda la stabilirea identităţii politico-juridice a „Uniunii Europene”? Cititorul cu o memorie bună îşi va aminti de perioada nu foarte îndepărtată în care jurişti de seamă din statele occidentale ale Uniunii Europene argumentau împotriva extinderii acesteia în spaţiul sud-est-european pornind de la o identitate culturală sau civilizaţională a „Europei” care transpunea în planul (istoriei) dreptului argumentele politice cu care Samuel Huntington trasa o linie roşie prin mijlocul unui continent şi chiar al unor ţări, separând astfel ceea ce mulţi considerau că nu au crescut împreună de-a lungul unei istorii pe cât de complexe, pe atât de comune, iar cititorul la curent cu ultimele evoluţii intelectuale va observa că aceste argumente par a reveni în actualitate, atunci când Sud-Estul Europei este considerat din nou periferie civilizaţională a Occidentului European (D. Engels, Défendre l’Europe civilisationnelle, 2024). În concluzie, cititorul sud-est-european român îşi va aminti de alte linii roşii prin care liderii regimurilor totalitare din secolul al XX-lea european îi despărţeau de propria ţară şi de faptul că, pentru ca asemenea regimuri să rămână definitiv istorie, au fost înființate Convenţia Europeană a Drepturilor Omului şi Uniunea Europeană ca spaţii diferite de concretizare a identităţii politico-juridice a Europei, înţeleasă de fiecare dată ca unitate sintetică şi nu doar analitică. Lăsăm aşadar acestui cititor devenit, sperăm, curios să descopere şi acele aspecte care ne-au scăpat nouă, autorilor, şi îi dorim o lectură plăcută!.
It is widely acknowledged that the state holds a dominant position in shaping its fiscal policy. Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that this authority should not be regarded as having an absolute character. In the past few years, the principle of protecting legitimate expectations has emerged as a counterforce to prevent the implementation of arbitrary and discretionary measures. The above principle embodies the general requirement of predictability in the legal system and, increasingly, in the context of untimely changes in tax law. This paper underscores the profound significance of 'legitimate expectations' in tax law, particularly in the context of the national fiscal legislature. It also highlights the significant and influential role of our audience in understanding and applying this principle. Our study, in pursuit of its stated aim, will delve into the practical implications of 'legitimate expectations' that influence the decision-making process at the legislative level. By examining concrete examples and the specific content of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations in tax law, we will bring to light the real-world applications of this principle, thereby informing and preparing legal scholars, tax law practitioners, and policymakers for its use.
CODUL PENAL – 10 ANI DE LA INTRAREA ÎN VIGOARE: CONTROVERSE TEORETICE ȘI PRACTICE
The Criminal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code have been in force for more than ten years, bringing a series of substantial changes to the entire criminal law system. In a recent study, we showed that the principles and vision on which they were based have been lost along the way, as recent years have been marked by a real avalanche of changes that increasingly distance themselves from the legislator’s initial vision. This scientific approach aims to analyze some of these changes, considering that the multitude does not allow for analysis to be carried out only during one study. We aim to observe and emphasize whether the amending normative acts of the last two years correspond to the requirement of normative coherence, the symmetry of some regulations, as well as the ability to ensure the predictable nature of the act of justice and respect for the margin of appreciation of judges. This concerns the reconfiguration of some normative types, the criminalization of new acts, but also the sanctioning regime that tends to return to the period prior to the entry into force of the Criminal Code. The legislative amendments in question also raise the issue of criminal repression, as an exclusive attribute of criminal policy, in the sense of the legal nature, the type of criminal sanction and its scope and which should be determined and limited, considering the fundamental rights of the person as an essential element of the act of justice in any democratic society.
ABORDAREA ROMÂNIEI PRIVIND ASIGURAREA REPREZENTĂRII JURIDICE A STATULUI ÎN PROCEDURILE DE INFRINGEMENT DECLANȘATE DE COMISIA EUROPEANĂ
The paper presents the characteristics of Romania’s approach to ensuring legal representation of the state in infringement proceedings, emphasizing the importance of managing the pre-litigation and litigation stages in an integrated manner. It analyses concrete results, relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, as well as best practices that contribute to reducing the risk of referrals to the Court and of financial penalties being applied in such proceedings.
RAȚIUNI ȘI TEMEIURI ALE APLICĂRII DREPTULUI UNIUNII EUROPENE DE CĂTRE PRACTICIENI
The article analyzes the foundations and reasons for the application of European Union law by legal practitioners, but not only by them. It highlights the specificity of EU law, which is integrated into the national legal order and takes precedence over domestic law in the event of a conflict. It also presents the legal grounds for its application – the principles of primacy and direct effect or direct applicability – as well as the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in shaping these principles governing EU law. The entire approach emphasizes the importance of legal practitioners (arbitrators, lawyers, legal advisors, diplomats, bailiffs, public officials, judges, mediators, notaries, insolvency practitioners, among others) in ensuring the uniform application of EU rules, thereby guaranteeing the protection of citizens’ rights and the proper functioning of the internal market. At the same time, it analyzes the practical challenges and the need for continuous training to ensure the coherent integration of European Union law into national legal practice.
TRIMITERI PRELIMINARE ROMÂNEȘTI CARE REFLECTĂ RELAȚIA DINTRE DREPTUL UE ȘI IDENTITATEA NAȚIONALĂ
No provision of Union law imposes a precise constitutional model on Member States. Under Article 4(2) TEU, the Union respects the national identity of Member States, inherent in their fundamental structures, political and constitutional. However, in choosing their constitutional models, Member States may not undermine the common values enshrined in the Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
Pe data de 14 martie 2025, Institutul de Cercetări Juridice „Acad. Andrei Rădulescu” a organizat la sediul central al Academiei Române un dublu eveniment constând într-o conferinţă cu tema Gândirea juridică românescă şi proiectul european şi în lansarea unui volumului de studii vizând Dimensiuni ale gândirii juridice românești în context european. Alăturarea celor două evenimente în cadrul unei singure manifestări a pornit de la ideea complementarităţii lor: în vreme ce studiile din cuprinsul volumului, provenind de la cercetători titulari şi asociaţi ai Institutului, au accentuat mai ales dimensiunea doctrinară a modului specific în care gândirea juridică românească a participat la formarea a ceea ce am numi parafrazând titlul renumitei lucrări a lui Rudolf von Jhering diferitele trepte de evoluţie a spiritului dreptului din Europa, lucrările conferinţei au privilegiat dimensiunea jurisprudenţială a participării aceleiaşi gândiri juridice româneşti la evoluţiile instituţionale europene, anume prin intermediul practicienilor dreptului, formaţi intelectual în România şi activi în mod nemijlocit în practica juridică a Uniunii Europene şi a Curţii Europene a Drepturilor Omului. Parafrazând o formulare a aceluiaşi Jhering dintr-o lucrare (mai puţin cunoscută, însă deosebit de actuală) consacrată raportului dintre drept şi ştiinţă, am putea spune că şi pe plan european, practica dreptului este cea care prin soluţiile sale particulare deschide drumul rezolvării teoretice a problemelor de drept, urmată fiind de o teorie în stare să desprindă din aceste soluţii prin abstractizare (precum inventarea lui ius în vechea Romă) un concept care, pe urmele lui Savigny şi Hegel, să poată fi deopotrivă universal şi concret. Consacrând Dosarul tematic din numărul de faţă şi din cel următor intervenţiilor susţinute în cadrul acestei conferinţe, revista „Studii şi Cercetări Juridice” îi invită pe cititorii jurişti români să parcurgă la rândul lor prin propria reflecţie acest drum alături de reputaţi judecători europeni, diplomaţi români şi profesori ai şcolii româneşti de drept care ne-au onorat prin intervenţii a căror calitate a contribuit decisiv la reuşita evenimentului şi care, prin intermediul publicării, ar putea revigora şi îmbogăţi semnificativ dezbaterea juridică românească asupra viitorului dreptului, deopotrivă ca teorie şi ca practică, în Europa.
Alain BAUER, ABC de la Criminologie, ed a II-a les Editions du CERF, 2024, 300 p.
Alain Bauer este un renumit criminolog francez contemporan, profesor titular al Catedrei de Criminologie la Conservatorul Național de Arte și Meserii (din 2009), director al masteratului în Științe Penale și Criminologie, director științific și vicepreședinte al Consiliului Științific al Centrului de Securitate a Apărării al Conservatorului Naţional de Arte şi Meserii. Este, de asemenea, Senior Research Fellow la Centrul de Terorism de la John Jay College of Criminal Justice din New York (Statele Unite) și la Universitatea de Drept și Științe Politice Chineze din Beijing. De asemenea, este profesor asociat la Universitatea Fudan din Shanghai, dar și titular al Catedrei de Poliție și Științe Criminale a MBA-ului Specializat în Managementul Securității (Paris II, HEC, EOGN). Deopotrivă, acesta este și editor al Revistei Internaționale de Criminologie, membru al Comitetului Editorial al PRISM (National Defense University Washington), membru al Comitetului Științific al Revistei Franceze de Criminologie și Drept Penal (Paris). Această lucrare este a doua ediție, prima fiind din 2016. Încă de la începutul acestei lucrări, ne anunță care este scopul volumului, dar și modul în care a structurat materialul. Așadar, în prima parte, autorul oferă o panoramă epistemologică și contextuală a criminologiei. Partea a doua se prezintă ca un dicționar de termeni criminologici, considerați esențiali, prezentați în ordine alfabetică.
European Journal of Criminology, volumul 21, numărul 6 noiembrie 2024, ISSN 1477-3708, Editura Sage, 160 pag.
Alături de Editura Sage, Societatea Europeană de Criminologie continuă o tradiție valoroasă prin publicarea a șase numere pe an pentru revista European Journal of Criminology. Aceasta reușește să reunească în filele sale rezultatele unor echipe de cercetători sau ale unor autori individuali din mai multe ramuri foarte bine conexate: criminologie, victimologie și penologie/drept execuțional penal. În ceea ce privește cuprinsul acestui număr, redăm pentru început titlurile lucrărilor și numele autorilor, pentru a le analiza în ordine cronologică, ulterior. Articolele din numărul curent sunt : 1. Estimarea efectului de incapacitate în rândul infractorilor încarcerați pentru prima dată, autor Enes Al Wewasi; 2. Amenințarea imigranților, percepția de nesiguranță și articularea politică a imigrației și multiculturalismului în țările europene, autori Laisa F. Abreu Rivera și Sylwia J. Piatkowska; 3. Factorii de risc și de protecție pentru intrarea în grupuri criminale organizate și asocierea lor cu diferite mecanisme de intrare: o revizuire sistematică folosind ASReview, autori Ida Adamse, Veroni Eichelsheim, Arjan Blokland și Linda Schoonmade; 4. Explorarea factorilor care influențează statutul schemei de stimulente ale închisorii în rândul bărbaților adulți: un studiu longitudinal prospectiv, autori Michelle Butler, Catherine B. McNamee și Dominic Kelly; 5. În lumea alunecoasă a traficului de anghile de sticlă: lecții învățate din Spania pentru a preveni comerțul ilegal cu anghile europene, autor Monica Pons-Hernandez. 6. Punitivitatea societății și politica penală în șase țări din Europa Centrală, autori Paweł Ostaszewski, Andrzej Uhl, Katarzyna Witkowska-Rozpara și Dagmara Woźniakowska.
MODALITĂȚI DE EXPRIMARE A BUNEI-CREDINȚE ÎN DREPTUL CONTRACTUAL ROMAN
Good faith is an advanced concept of legal technique, which highlights the relationship between law, morality and religion. Although in ancient times law was strongly influenced by religion, the express manifestation of good faith in contractual relations was not necessary, because it was known that heads of families, as priests of the family cult, could not commit acts outside of religion and morality. At the beginning of ancient times, legal acts were rare, and the Romans, having no legal experience, did not know the principles of the real will of the parties and good faith. However, the development of society required the participation of more people in legal relations, including sons of the family and foreigners. The former had access to civil law acts and were under the authority of the sons of the family, unlike the latter, who could not do this. Therefore, the co-contractors no longer had, in full, the guarantee of the morality of the heads of families. The problem was solved by creating contracts and actions of good faith, which had the effect of enshrining the principle of the real will of the parties and contributed to the development of "Roman business law".
O.U.G. NR. 62/2024 – „LOVITURĂ DE TEATRU” SAU O EVOLUȚIE FIREASCĂ A MECANISMULUI DE UNIFICARE A PRACTICII JUDICIARE
At the national level, under art. 126 para. (3) of the Romanian Constitution, the mechanism of prior notification is regulated in the Code of Civil Procedure, with clear, precise rules and with general applicability. Nevertheless, the legislator understood through the GEO no. 62/2024, to regulate a derogatory regime for certain categories of disputes, as well as the referral procedure, expressly detailed therein. The present material aims to reveal the importance that the legislator must attach, firstly, to the establishment of an objective reality, secondly, to focus on precisely regulating all the elements necessary to conduct a process and, thirdly, to draw attention to the fact that the excessive use of the regulation of legal norms, which make the prerogative of organic laws employing an emergency ordinance, in particular, when the intrinsic and extrinsic conditions for such regulation are not met, do nothing but undermines the sovereign justice of law and the virtues on which it is built. As a result of researching the arguments and results brought by the doctrine and jurisprudence, regarding, on the one hand, the mechanism of prior notification and, on the other hand, the role of the judge in the correct and uniform interpretation and application of the law, we concluded that the solution adopted by the legislator through art. 2 of GEO no. 62/2024 is not an optimal way to achieve the desired goal used by it, namely "the administration of justice equally and ensuring equality before the law, as well as on socio-economic relations", but, at most, a temporary solution for the protection of budget funds, this regulation representing the proper instrument for limiting the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.
COD PENAL ÎNTRE UTOPIE ȘI DISTOPIE. INDIVIDUALIZAREA PEDEPSEI
The utopia in the matter of the individualization of punishment is related to the desires that society always links to a new code, to reduce the number and severity of crimes, to reduce the severity of the violation of the victims' rights. The dystopia comes from the way some related provisions have been interpreted or applied, from the differences between the purpose of the law and its implementation. The content of the analysis, however, is not polemical. It brings out the living law meaning of jurisprudence, as well as the importance of defense arguments in a criminal trial. The current penal code, like any other previous penal code, is interpreted by those who apply it or ensure its constitutional consistency, which allows the application of legal texts for a long period of time, without legislative interventions. The arguments for the present analysis assume that we have a solid base in the current code to evolve from. Law evolves through questions and answers. Through the questions sometimes raised in the courtroom, sometimes asked to ourselves, through the answers given in the court decisions or through the answers given through the decisions of the constitutional court of Romania, or the Strasbourg Court or the Luxembourg Court. In drafting legal texts from the special part of the criminal code, or the rules of the criminal procedure code or special laws, it would be required, in order to give the same legal efficiency, to use the notions or expressions from the general part of the criminal code, to the notions/expressions/terminology of the general part are repeated in the special part, if the meaning of the terms is to be consistent. However, the legislator does not always use the same technique, as it would seem obvious, so it is up to the interpretation to determine whether the terminological differences lead to divergent or convergent criminal policy solutions to those established in the general part of the criminal code.
DENATURAREA REGIMULUI SEMIPREZIDENȚIAL PRIN INTERPRETAREA FRAUDULOASĂ A CONSTITUȚIEI VULNERABILIZEAZĂ CARACTERUL STATULUI ROMÂN CA STAT DE DREPT
In this article, the author analyzes the 1991 Constituent Assembly's choice of the semi-presidential republic as Romania's form of government after the collapse of the political regime established by the socialist Constitution of 1965 and examines this type of republic in the political context of the country's transition from an authoritarian, hypercentralized system to a democratic system based on the liberal principles and values of the rule of law. The author points out that during the evolution of the semi-presidential regime, it was deformed and distorted in political practice, in particular by Presidents Traian Băsescu and Klaus Werner Iohannis, and that the regime as such became, in some phases, a quasi-presidential, even authoritarian regime, in terms of exercising certain prerogatives of the President of the Republic. This distortion of the semi-presidential republic, contrary to the letter and spirit of the Constitution, has been facilitated by several decisions and rulings of the Constitutional Court, which has given some erroneous interpretations of certain constitutional texts in order to impose, in this way, in a generally binding manner, the arbitrary will of the President in certain areas of his activity.
Constitutional Fraud; Constitutional Court
CONTROVERSE PRIVITOARE LA STATUL DE DREPT INSTRUMENTALIZAREA POLITICĂ A CONCEPTELOR JURIDICE
The concept of the Rechtsstaat has been defined from very different perspectives: that of liberal constitutionalism (Robert von Mohl), of a judicial elite (Otto Bähr), of the ethos of Prussian civil servants (Rudolf von Gneist) or of conservative idealism (Friedrich Julius Stahl). Essentially, the concept revolves around a liberal core of ideas, which leads most political doctrines to integrate it into their own discourse and to use it in any state-building project. It is for this reason that totalitarian conceptions have manifested an ostensible hostility towards it, especially in the case of Marxism. Like the separation of powers or citizens' rights (whose "bourgeois" individualist character is conspicuously emphasized), Marxist doctrines have not been receptive to the concept of the Rechtsstaat/rule of law. Curiously, the position of National Socialist authors has not been so consistent. There have been approaches from the perspective of a "national-socialist Rechtsstaat" or a "people's rule of law" (völkischer Rechtsstaat). Authors who are more sensitive to nuances (Carl Schmitt) have, however, rejected these attempts to "acclimatize" a concept irreversibly tainted by the stigma of liberalism. The liberal core - as well as the quasi-unanimous attractiveness - of the concept lies not least in the illusion of suspending or eluding the political element, especially if we perceive the latter from a Schmittian perspective as a polarization of friend-enemy relations. The unavoidably political goals of the state community are relegated to the background, without being denied completely, in favor of emphasizing the ways of achieving them, on which there could be a broad consensus, even among political adversaries. This temporarily political truce produced by the consensus on the ways of realizing political projects on the basis of unanimously accepted forms and procedures is in its essence provisional and lasts only as long as all political actors believe that they have a real chance of using such neutral mechanisms for the realization of their own objectives. Acceptable means of exercising power (consisting of legal forms and procedures, with an emphasis on judicial ones) create the neutral space for the manifestation of antagonistic political forces with often irreconcilable objectives.
PRINCIPIILE APLICABILE ADMINISTRAȚIEI PUBLICE, GARANȚIE A STATULUI DE DREPT
The study begins with an analysis of the notion of principle from the perspective of the general theory of law. The general principles of law established by authors of the general theory of law are mentioned. The main objective of the study is the presentation and analysis of the principles applicable to public administration. Some of these principles are specified by the Constitution. The Administrative Code contains a list of general principles applicable to public administration with some synthetic definitions. Also, in each part of the Administrative Code are provided specific principles. In the part dedicated to local public administration, both the specific principles regarding the organization and functioning of local authorities and the principles of the decentralization process are provided. In the part dedicated to public property are provided the specific principles applicable to the public property right. The principles applicable to the professional conduct of civil servants and contractual staff in the administration are presented and defined in the part regarding the administration staff. The principles regardind the exercise of public function are specified separately. In the part regarding the administrative liability, the principles specific are provided and defined. Finally, in the part on public services, the specific principles applicable to public services are specified and defined. The most important principles are stipulated in the Romanian Constitution.
Este în natura lucrurilor ca o publicaţie periodică să procedeze, din timp în timp, la anumite schimbări, ca răspuns la aşteptările legitime ale cititorilor săi ori chiar anticipând asemenea aşteptări, în urma transformărilor survenite în lumea în care aceşti cititori se regăsesc, împreună cu autorii, redactorii şi editorii publicaţiei. Pentru o revistă academică intitulată Studii şi Cercetări Juridice, editată de Institutul de Cercetări Juridice al Academiei Române începând din 1956 şi care se pregăteşte la rândul său de celebrarea celor şapte decenii de existenţă pe care Institutul le-a numărat în 2024, aceste modificări sunt legate de misiunea specifică prin care se justifică existenţa unei asemenea publicaţii şi care constă în încercarea de a cuprinde în elaborări conceptuale spiritul acestei lumi şi al propriului ei timp. Deopotrivă temerară şi imperioasă, o asemenea încercare nu poate fi în niciun fel însoţită de garanţii de succes, însă chiar şi numai simpla posibilitate a succesului – cel mult vremelnic, aşa cum istoria gândirii juridice o arată cu prisosinţă – presupune îndeplinirea unor condiţii de formă şi fond care trebuie la rândul lor adaptate din timp în timp aceluiaşi spirit.
Conferința de inaugurare a Institutului Național de Criminologie (14 decembrie 2018, București, Palatul Parlamentului
Iniţierea proiectului naţional Monumentele dreptului românesc vechi şi modern (27 martie 2019)
Colectiv (Coordonator V. Dorneanu, M. Krupinschi) Un sfert de secol de constituționalism, Editura Hamangiu, București, 2018, 289 p.
UN Environment. Environmental Rule of Law. First Global Report (Primatul dreptului mediului: o primă evaluare mondială), United Nations Environment Program, 2019
Romanitate – Modernitate – Românitate. Mircea Duţu, Ştiinţa dreptului şi cultura juridică în România, EAR, Bucureşti, 2018, 469 p.
Aspecte privind aplicarea Regulamentului nr. 679 din 2016 privind protecţia datelor cu caracter personal în România
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the normative act that determines the publication of books and articles and the realization of scientific events. The present material is a state of the art in the field of personal data protection in Romania, an evaluation conducted in order to continue and open some researches elaborated both from the perspective of their purpose and the implication of the fundamental research.
Regulation 2016/679/EU; data protection; fundamental research; case law; Romania.